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Uray (caste group)
Urāy (Devanagari: उराय्) (alternative names: Udaaya, Udās) is a Newar Buddhist merchant caste of Kathmandu in Nepal. They are a prominent community in the business and cultural life of Kathmandu.〔 Page 47.〕 Urays have played key roles in the development of trade, industry, art, architecture, literature and Buddhism in Nepal and the Himalayan region.〔 Page 109.〕〔Smith, E. Gene (2001). ''Among Tibetan Texts: History and Literature of the Himalayan Plateau.'' Wisdom Publications. ISBN 0861711793, 9780861711796. Page 88. Retrieved 17 September 2012.〕
The name Uray is said to have been derived from the Sanskrit term "upāsaka" which means "devout layman". The Uray follow Newar Buddhism and speak the Newar language as their mother tongue. They are believers in non-violence in personal relations and ritual practices.〔 Page 109.〕〔Gellner, David N. and Quigley, Declan (1995). ''Contested hierarchies: a collaborative ethnography of caste among the Newars of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal.'' Clarendon Press. ISBN 0198279604, 9780198279600. Page 76.〕
==History==
An early reference to the Uray is contained in a 17th-century journal kept at the Buddhist monastic courtyard of Jana Baha, Kathmandu. Dated Nepal Sambat 763 (1643 AD), the journal entry states that King Laxmi Narsingh Malla has asked all the Urays to attend a religious service at Asan.〔Shakya, Raja (2005). ''Jana Baha Dyah ya Shanti Saphu (Ghatanavali).'' Kathmandu: Premdharma Pithana. ISBN 99946-56-97-X. Page 23.〕
Urays are also known for their history as traders on the Silk Road. Operating out of business houses in Lhasa, Tibet and Kolkata, India, they were key players in the traditional Tibet trade for centuries. These merchants were known as the Lhasa Newar.〔Pal, Pratapaditya (1985). ''Art of Nepal: A Catalogue of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art Collection.'' University of California Press. ISBN 0520054075, 9780520054073. Page 22.〕〔Tuladhar, Kamal Ratna (2011) ''Caravan to Lhasa: A Merchant of Kathmandu in Traditional Tibet.'' Kathmandu: Lijala & Tisa. ISBN 99946-58-91-3.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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